Ad-Dakka was a place in Lower Nubia. The Greco-Roman Temple
of Dakka, dedicated to Thoth, the god of wisdom. It was initially a small
one-room shrine or chapel, first begun in the 3rd century BC by a Meroitic king
named Arqamani in collaboration with Ptolemy IV who added an antechamber and a
gate structure. Ptolemy IX "subsequently enlarged the temple by adding a
pronaos with two rows of probably three columns. During the Roman period, the
Emperors Augustus and Tiberius further enlarged the structure with "the
addition, at the rear, of a second sanctuary as well as inner and outer
enclosure walls with a large pylon. The sanctuary contained a granite naos. The
Temple of Dakka was transformed into a temple fortress by the Romans and
surrounded by a stone wall, 270 by 444 metres long, with an entrance along the
Nile.
A large dromos leads to the pylon, which formed the
entrance to the temple. Each of the pylon's towers is decorated in high relief
and bears numerous graffiti from visitors, mostly in Greek but some in Demotic
and Meroitic script. Inside the gateway, the Meroitic king Arqamani "is
shown on the left sacrificing to Thoth, with Tefnut and Hathor above and Isis
below. There are reliefs of cows offered as gifts to the god Thoth carved into
the naos of the Temple of Dakka. While the temple of Dakka was similar
architecturally to the temple of Wadi El Sebou, it lacked a front courtyard of
sphinxes; however, its 12-metre-high pylon is in near perfect condition. A
55-metre-long processional approach ran from the temple's pylon to a cult
terrace at the Nile. During the Christian period of Egypt, the facade of the
pronaos was converted for use into a church, and Christian paintings were still
visible here in the 20th century before the temple was enveloped by the Nile
floods.
The temple of Dakka collapsed in 1908–1909 and was
subsequently rebuilt by Alessandro Barsanti.